Marketing Mix And Marketing Plan - 1057 Words

Promotion is one of the key elements to the Marketing Mix and is used by businesses to communicate information about their product in order to meet specific promotional objectives. To effectively promote a product or service, a business must first decide which communication process is best suited to their target market (Palmer, 2004). There are many different communication tools which a business can use, all of which can be classified into one of two promotional categories. These two categories are ATL (Above the line), and BTL (Below the line) promotion. Above the line promotion encompasses all of the communication tools which have the potential to reach the masses through the use of media such as TV, Radio, and Print (BusinessDictionary.com, 2015). Below the line marketing is used to reach more specific and targeted audiences (Frain, 1999). Some common BTL methods include, direct e-mail/mail marketing, door to door sales, and exterior location marketing. Most business will use a range of these methods but it is entirely dependent on the business s target market. GoPro sell small, lightweight, high-definition, and high speed personal video cameras. They are marketed towards any individual with an interest in recording their personal hobbies/activities. It can be easily mounted onto various surfaces, such as the body of a plane, or even the front of a surf board. The primary users of the GoPro are generally seen to be people involved with extreme sports such as BASEShow MoreRelatedMarketing Mix And The Marketing Plan1335 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Competition, Marketing Mix and pricing plays a major role in the marketing Most marketing plans are conceived to extend no longer than one year before the plan is reassessed for modifications, additions, subtractions or entire reinvention depending on constantly evolving business goals and circumstances. In fact, a properly implemented marketing plan is constantly being assessed by accurate and consistent tracking systems to evaluate the plan’s performance against expectations. ThisRead MoreMarketing Plan For A Marketing Mix879 Words   |  4 Pagesproviding critical information to customers. Promotion as a marketing mix can be defined as the art used to inform, persuade and remind a target audience regarding a given produce and service (Kazmi Batra, 2008). In many circumstances, it involves the reduction of prices of products for a limited time (Wiehenbrauk, 2010). This is mainly to attract consumers into purchasing the company’s product. Promotion as part of the 4Pà ¢â‚¬â„¢s in marketing will take into consideration various promotional activitiesRead MoreCase Study : Marketing Mix And Marketing Plan2462 Words   |  10 Pagesengage, scope, plan, metrics, research, innovate, decide, manage, communicate, diversity and close. 1. Sell: convince customer to buy 1.1 Marketing: consist of 4 ingredients It is crucial for marketers to consider 4 P’s when coming up with a marketing plan: product, price, promotion and place. These 4 P’s, proposed by E. Jerome McCarthy in 1960, are ingredients of the marketing mix. A product could be a physical good or an intangible service. The product is the core of marketing. Marketers needRead MoreMadza Marketing Mix Plan4644 Words   |  19 Pagesit as a transport only and do not care about status. Currently, as we choose to believe, this car is in the maturity stage for its targeted group of consumers. Even though the company is showing the specifications of this car clearly on all its marketing collaterals, consumers might not be able to understand the technical issues or language used. They could use simpler terms to describe the technical terms used so that it will be easier for the consumer to understand. 2.2 Current Pricing The priceRead MoreIntegrated Marketing Mix And Implementation Plan1194 Words   |  5 PagesIntegrated Marketing Mix and Implementation Plan Product STORY’s core customer value is status, achieved through the product’s unique and groundbreaking luxurious design. Beyond this core value of status, the actual product must be consistent with the modern, luxury aspect of the clock. The clock features a design which simultaneously combines high-end design with levitating technology, supporting the goal of status for customers. The product is made from quality materials, including stained ashRead MoreMarketing Mix Model And Digital Marketing Plan For My Firm1575 Words   |  7 PagesMarketing Mix Model and Digital Marketing Plan for my Firm Using social media to market ones program is a growing marketing trend which often ends up in spectacular results. But repeating the same success level when it comes to ecotourism is a difficult task. Traditionally, sensations created by social media are often related to entertainment industry or really important events that can stir public interest. But when it comes to ecotourism, we are dealing with a sustainable business market that requiresRead MoreHaribo Cupcake Mix Marketing Plan6775 Words   |  28 Pages[pic] MARKETING PLAN: [pic] CONTRERAS VALDERRAMA Ivà ¡n FERNANDEZ Ana Laura GASPARINI Fabien GRANDPRE Sà ©golà ¨ne HAMRANI Sonia ING Morgane Foreword Created in 1920, in Bonn, by a German named: Hans Riegel, Haribo (stands for Hans RIegel BOn) is today known worldwide for its candies such as: Gold-Bears, Tagada Stawberries or Fizzy Cola. Indeed, Haribo is the first manufacturer of gums and jellies within the total sugar confectionery market, whoRead MoreHaribo Cupcake Mix Marketing Plan6790 Words   |  28 Pages[pic] MARKETING PLAN: [pic] CONTRERAS VALDERRAMA Ivà ¡n FERNANDEZ Ana Laura GASPARINI Fabien GRANDPRE Sà ©golà ¨ne HAMRANI Sonia ING Morgane Foreword Created in 1920, in Bonn, by a German named: Hans Riegel, Haribo (stands for Hans RIegel BOn) is today known worldwide for its candies such as: Gold-Bears, Tagada Stawberries or Fizzy Cola. Indeed, Haribo is the first manufacturer of gums and jellies within the total sugar confectionery market, who owns other famous candy brandsRead MoreMarketing Plan for Fit Mix Protein Water Mix3329 Words   |  13 PagesMarketing Plan Executive Summary The Fit Mix Protein Water mix is a new product that is being launched. This consultative report presents a marketing plan for the company developing the product. The recent political and social trends towards healthier lifestyles have increased the market for health drinks. The consumers are sensitive to health benefits including weight control offered by such products. The Fit Mix protein water mix would address health issues for the whole family. It will beRead MoreMarketing Mix Plan for Baskin Robbins2131 Words   |  9 Pagesagainst their competitors at the Los Angeles County Fair. That year they won their first Gold Medal and set the pattern for county and state fair participation, earning Gold Medals for Baskin-Robbins Ice Cream every year since that first contest. Marketing Mix PRODUCT Baskin Robbins has never used artificial flavorings; its extensive Ramp;D efforts have focused on developing a wide range of flavors by using natural ingredient. As a result, BR’s products smell distinctly different from other products

Childcare Research Task Essays - 4395 Words

Contents Page 1 of 13 C1 - Provide a rationale for the identification of the care and learning needs of all children Page 2 of 13 C2 - Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of different approaches to planning for children’s care and learning Page 3 of 13 C3 - Explain in detail the professional skills needed to plan. Analyse why practitioners need these skills Page 5 of 13 C4 - Demonstrate the application of relevant†¦show more content†¦Then of there are any improvements they make will be noted and planned again for the next time they do the activity. Routines Every day at placement, practitioners and children follow a routine set in place that also follows the curriculum. It’s seen in every placement some being stuck to the wall for all to see. It helps staff and settings a lot as it allows practitioners to see how much time they have to prepare snacks for children, doing observations, activities, getting milk or juice ready and helps the setting to manage well with the time slots. The child’s care needs are also met when the jobs are done and allow children to understand and get accustomed to the routine and times. Learning journeys These are a key method in children’s learning needs. Practitioners are always writing and updating every child’s learning journeys in nurseries so they can track the developments children make. If the child still hasn’t quite reached a certain development milestone then they tend to work towards that and continue to improve the child’s learning. It also allows parents to get involved with their child’s learning as together they talk about the child’s development stage and together they can plan the next steps in their child’s life and their education. PLODS To ensureShow MoreRelatedThe Sheridan County Ymca And Its Lack Of Space For Its After School Program Essay1397 Words   |  6 Pagesprogram’s start it has become a wonderful opportunity for families in need of childcare in the hours between the children’s release from school and when they get off work. The program has gained a promising reputation, that being said, it has also gained a hefty waitlist of parents in hopes of their children being accepted into the program. This report will be separated into the following sections: Statement of the Problem, Research Methods, Results, Conclusion, and Recommendations. In Statement of theRead MoreAssessment of the View that Conjugal Roles Have Become Equal1238 Words   |  5 Pagestime spent by spouses on particular tasks. Others have tried to measure the distribution of power within marriage. Willmott and Young, and Gillian Dunne are amongst those who have argued that conjugal roles are equal. However many sociologists such as Ann Oakley, Ferri and Smith, Duncombe and Marsden, and Edgel, who have carried out research into the area of conjugal roles, have found little evidence that couples share equal division of domestic tasks. Willmott and Young agree withRead MoreBusiness Report: Tree House Child Care1695 Words   |  7 Pagesfunctions(Operations, Employment Relations, Marketing and Accounting and finance). These main roles can be grouped into 4 main groups; Planning, Organising, Leading and Controlling. These are known as POLC. The business functions mainly focus on there own tasks but must always work together and POLC is what connects the business functions. Planning is concerned with determining the goals of a business. Tree House should establish its goals so you know what you want to achieve. If your business knows whereRead MoreFreud s Trust Vs. Miss Trust Theory907 Words   |  4 Pagesimportance of the individuals early experience with the family. He believed that an infant’s early experience went on to contribute to the individual’s adult personality. The following studies data is based of a one time assessment session. This research found by (refecence 3) has found that infants still form attachments with their mothers who work full time. Although they did argue that these infants are more likely to form an insecure relationship with their mothers compared to mothers who didRead MoreThe Arguments For and Against the Idea that There Is a Move Toward a More Equal Division of Labour Within the Home1445 Words   |  6 Pagestheir fair share of the housework and childcare and do both spouses have an equal say in decision making? This is what I am going to evaluate. To begin with, the domestic division of labour refers to the roles that men and women play in relation to housework, childcare and paid work. The idea of a move towards a more equal division of labour simply means that both males and females do equal amounts of housework, childcare and paid work (joint conjugal roles). Read MoreAssessment of the Claim that the Family Has Become Increasingly Symmetrical963 Words   |  4 Pagesinstrumental role. Whereas there are other assumptions that have been made by other sociologists, such as Ann Oakley, a feminist, who believes that household roles are not joint, the cohabiting couple do not share household tasks like childcare and housework. Writers such as Willmott and Young have argued that contemporary family life in Britain is becoming increasingly symmetrical. While there remains some forms of role segregation, modern families place emphasisRead MoreThe Division Of Labour Within Couples Essay1009 Words   |  5 PagesThe Division Of Labour Within Couples Wilmott and Young carried out their research in London between 1950 and 1970. They believe that the family as we know it has developed and evolved through three stages to become as it is today. In the first stage, the Pre-Industrial family was extended and everyone lived and worked together. They therefore had joint conjugal roles, meaning they shared duties. In the second stage, the Early Industrial family were extended familiesRead MoreThe Positive Effect of High Quality Childcare on Childrens Cognitive Development1452 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive development is defined as the growth and change in a person’s ability to perform mental tasks including thinking, understanding and reasoning (California Department of Education, 2014). Cognitive development is a process involving a complex interaction between biological and environmental factors (Feinstein, 2003, as cited in Wong, Edwards, 2013). There are multiple factors that occur in early childhood including breastfeeding, parental intelligence and obstetric complications that haveRead MoreGender Differences Surrounding Parenting And The Responsibility For Children1434 Words   |  6 PagesIn this article, Doucet focuses on the question of why there are preexistent gender differences surrounding parenting and the responsibility for children in heterosexual couples. Although there has been an increase in fathers’ involvement in childcare, mothers still remain strongly associated with the responsibility for children. This trend has not shifted even when mothers are involved with the same amount, or even more paid employment than their husband. Consider the fact that Canadian studiesRead MoreFamily Development Assessment : The Developmental Life Cycle1189 Words   |  5 PagesFamily Development Assessment The second part of the assessment comprehends the developmental life cycle for the family. The developmental category reflects the family life cycle stages, the emotional process of transition and the tasks accomplished during each stage. Stages. Meshia is currently in â€Å"Stage Three: Families with young children†. According to Wright and Leahey (2013) an adult in this stage has become a caregiver to a younger generation and there past family experience will influence

List of lessons learnt from Assignment Free Essays

Especially for two people in a very small team. At beginning to estimate time frame for the whole project, the team based on own experience, which is very shallow, to give time frame for whole project. I knew that it should not be done by this way because the risk probability is very high. We will write a custom essay sample on List of lessons learnt from Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3. The Quality Plan is very important. It sets an assurance for the project. I did not clearly understand the Quality Plan until I do he dry-run of the assignment 3 and get the helpful feedback. After that I did research for this and realize that for every Sprint in this project, the processes of handle the Quality are really not Just about testing. List of lessons learnt from Assignment 3: give time trame tor whole project. I knew that it should not be done by this way How to estimate time trame tor the whole project using the on technical presentation. Atter the dry-run, the team tound out that t handle the Quality are really not Just about testing. How to cite List of lessons learnt from Assignment, Papers

Analysis of A Whisper of AIDS free essay sample

On August 19, 1992, during the Republican National Convention in Houston, Texas, Mary Fisher, a 44 year old HIV positive mother of two kids and a rich Republican, delivered a moving speech to bring awareness to the American public about the stigma and danger of HIV and AIDS in the 90’s. In 1992, millions of Americans were infected, and many of these people were ashamed to publicly speak up for themselves. Fisher knew that in order to change federal policies and reverse the stigma of HIV/AIDS we need to coalesce as a nation. Mary Fisher’s speech is informative, passionate and brave; her speech calls on the Republican Party to act and understand that HIV/AIDS is a present danger that does not discriminate against the color of your skin, your sexual orientation or whether you are rich or poor. In 1992, HIV/AIDS was the third leading cause of death in America, and we as a nation were very misinformed about the effects of the disease and the number of Americans affected and living with HIV/AIDS. In her speech, Fisher presented factual evidence about the growing HIV/AIDS epidemic when she says: The reality of AIDS is brutally clear. Two hundred thousand Americans are dead or dying; a million more are infected. Worldwide, forty million, sixty million, or a hundred million infections will be counted in the coming few years. But despite science and research, White House meetings and congressional hearings; despite good intentions and bold initiatives, campaign slogans and hopeful promisesdespite it all, its the epidemic which is winning tonight. (Fisher 1992) This is a great example of logos, Fisher use statistics that are not only shocking, but also informative to drive home the point of how HIV/AIDS is affecting America and the world. Fisher passionately drove home the point that HIV/AIDS affects us all, and that the disease does not differentiate between us on our differences because we are all human. She stood up as a voice and a figure that most in the audience could relate to when she states; Tonight, I represent an AIDS community whose members have been reluctantly drafted from every segment of American society. Though I am white, and a mother, I am one with a black infant struggling with tubes in a Philadelphia hospital. Though I am female, and contracted this disease in marriage, and enjoy the warm support of my family, I am one with the lonely gay man sheltering a flickering candle from the cold wind of his familys rejection. (Fisher 1922) Fisher urged her party to take a stand and be compassionate to those who struggle with the disease, and asked the audience to remember that we are all human. She reminded everyone that the public can be harsh and cruel when dealing with carriers of the virus, but people with HIV/AIDS are indeed humans who are admirable of kindness and sympathy. Fisher stated this when she said, â€Å"We may take refuge in our stereotypes, but we cannot hide there long. Because HIV asks only one thing of those it attacks: Are you human? And this is the right question: Are you human? Because people with HIV have not entered some alien state of being. They are human† (Fisher 1992). Fisher is using pathos here to appeal to people’s emotions by realizing that this disease can affect them or someone they care about. It took great courage for Mary Fisher to speak in front of the Republican Party in 1992, a party who just years prior just thought of HIV/AIDS as a gay disease, and used the issue for political gain. In an editorial in the New York Times, titled â€Å"Teaching Mercy to Republicans† the anonymous author states; Ms. Fisher spoke from the same podium that had showcased the former Presidential candidate Patrick Buchanan, who once said that AIDS was Gods revenge on homosexuals. She spoke before delegates from the religious right who are likely to view AIDS in terms of sin and to Republican operatives who are prepared to exploit anti-gay and anti-AIDS hysteria for political gain† (Teaching et al. 1992). That reference shows the mentality and ideas the Republican Party shared at the time, and sometimes continue to share in the present day. Even prior to 1992, President Ronald Reagan would not talk about HIV/AIDS at the beginning of the epidemic, as stated by Jeffrey Schmalz, from the New York Times, â€Å"The epidemic was more than five years old before President Ronald Reagan uttered the A word publicly. The wrath of God, the right wing said. All those homosexuals and blacks and drug abusers. † (Scmalz 1992). In addition, Fisher stated in her opening, â€Å"Less than three months ago, at the platform hearings in Salt Lake City, I asked the Republican Party to lift the shroud of silence which has been draped over the issue of HIV/AIDS. I have come tonight to bring our silence to an end† (Fisher 1992). Cleary she and her audience understood how the Republican Party treated and dealt with the HIV/AIDS crisis in America during that time. She was a brave Republican woman who stood up and brought forth the idea that HIV/AIDS can affect their own community and that the issue can no longer be ignored. Here you had a straight white woman; a mother with kids and a husband explain to the audience that HIV/AIDS can affect anyone. Fisher used ethos in applying her knowledge of HIV/AIDS as an activist and a person who votes Republican to appeal to the Republican Party. Fisher’s speech was very moving and captivated the audience. She used personal stories and factual evidence to make the audience aware that HIV/AIDS was a problem that our nation could no longer ignore. She mad the audience realize that everyone was at risk because the disease only cared if you are human, and that the disease was a real threat to the future of the nation. She shared that the disease was still spreading worldwide, with the highest infection rates in woman and children, all the while many young adults were dying of the disease. She expressed that we have all assisted in the spread of the disease, â€Å"And we have helped it alongwe have killed each otherwith our ignorance, our prejudice, and our silence† (Fisher 1992). Fisher’s experience and background where a catalyst for HIV/AIDS awareness for the nation in 1992. During this time many people only thought that HIV/AIDS was a disease that affected the poor, gay and minority communities. Her speech brought the disease closer to home, and showed that anyone can be impacted by HIV/AIDS. Have pioneers for HIV/AIDS awareness such as Mary Fisher made it easier for people in today’s world to publicly speak up about their battles with the disease? Many people today believe the answer is yes. For Fisher to take a stand during a time when there was so much hate and shame for people with HIV/AIDS shows that she is a brave woman. Her knowledge, dedication and courage to stand up and address the entire nation regarding the dangers and the battle we still face with the disease was very admirable. She took the stage for all the people suffering from HIV/AIDS, and told them not to be ashamed for having the disease; that the shame should be felt by the people who have been intolerant, ignorant, and fear mongering. To not even whisper HIV/AIDS during that time was the norm, but Fisher helped those whispers to be heard so that we no longer ignored the disease, in order that one day the world would not need to whisper its name ever again. Word Count: 1273 Works Cited Fisher, Mary. A Whisper of AIDS. Speech. 1992 Republican National Convention. Houston. 6 Oct. 2013. Speeches USA. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. . Kelly, Michael. (1992, Aug 20). A DELICATE BALANCE: Issues AIDS; AIDS speech brings hush to crowd. New York Times. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/428627751? accountid=7054 Schmalz, Jeffrey. AIDS Test. The New York Times. The New York Times, 16 Aug. 1992. Web. 12 Oct. 2013. . â€Å"Teaching mercy to republicans. † (1992, Aug 22). New York Times. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/428631171? accountid=7054 Mary Fisher, â€Å"A Whisper of AIDS† Less than three months ago, at the platform hearings in Salt Lake City, I asked the Republican party to lift the shroud of silence which has been draped over the issue of HIV/AIDS. I have come tonight to bring our silence to an end. I bear a message of challenge, not self-congratulation. I want your attention, not your applause. I would never have asked to be HIV positive. But I believe that in all things there is a good purpose, and so I stand before you,and before the nation, gladly. The reality of AIDS is brutally clear. Two hundred thousand Americans are dead or dying; a million more are infected. Worldwide, forty million, sixty million, or a hundred million infections will be counted in the coming few years. But despite science and research, White House meetings and congressional hearings; despite good intentions and bold initiatives, campaign slogans and hopeful promisesdespite it all, its the epidemic which is winning tonight. In the context of an election year, I ask youhere, in this great hall, or listening in the quiet of your hometo recognize that the AIDS virus is not a political creature. It does not care whether you are Democrat or Republican. It does not ask whether you are black or white, male or female, gay or straight, young or old. Tonight, I represent an AIDS community whose members have been reluctantly drafted from every segment of American society. Though I am white, and a mother, I am one with a black infant struggling with tubes in a Philadelphia hospital. Though I am female, and contracted this disease in marriage, and enjoy the warm support of my family, I am one with the lonely gay man sheltering a flickering candle from the cold wind of his familys rejection. [Applause] This is not a distant threat; it is a present danger. The rate of infection is increasing fastest among women and children. Largely unknown a decade ago, AIDS is the third leading killer of young-adult Americans todaybut it wont be third for long. Because, unlike other diseases, this one travels. Adolescents dont give each other cancer or heart disease because they believe they are in love. But HIV is different. And we have helped it alongwe have killed each otherwith our ignorance, our prejudice, and our silence. We may take refuge in our stereotypes, but we cannot hide there long. Because HIV asks only one thing of those it attacks: Are you human? And this is the right question: Are you human? Because people with HIV have not entered some alien state of being. They are human. They have not earned cruelty and they do not deserve meanness. They dont benefit from being isolated or treated as outcasts. Each of them is exactly what God made: a person. Not evil, deserving of our judgment; not victims, longing for our pity. People. Ready for support and worthy of compassion. My call to you, my Party, is to take a public stand no less compassionate than that of the President and Mrs. Bush. They have embraced me and my family in memorable ways. In the place of judgment, they have shown affection. In difficult moments, they have raised our spirits. In the darkest hours, I have seen them reaching not only to me, but also to my parents, armed with that stunning grief and special grace that comes only to parents who have themselves leaned too long over the bedside of a dying child. With the Presidents leadership, much good has been done; much of the good has gone unheralded; and as the President has insisted, Much remains to be done. But we do the Presidents cause no good if we praise the American family but ignore a virus that destroys it. We must be consistent if we are to be believed. We cannot love justice and ignore prejudice, love our children and fear to teach them. Whatever our role, as parent or policy maker, we must act as eloquently as we speakelse we have no integrity. My call to the nation is a plea for awareness. If you believe you are safe, you are in danger. Because I was not a hemophiliac, I was not at risk. Because I was not gay, I was not at risk. Because I did not inject drugs, I was not at risk. My father has devoted much of his lifetime to guarding against another holocaust. He is part of the generation who heard Pastor Niemoeller come out of the Nazi death camps to say, They came after the Jews, and I was not a Jew, so I did not protest. They came after the Trade Unionists, and I was not a Trade Unionist, so I did not protest. They came after the Roman Catholics, and I was not a Roman Catholic, so I did not protest. Then they came after me, and there was no one left to protest. The lesson history teaches is this: If you believe you are safe, you are at risk. If you do not see this killer stalking your children, look again. There is no family or community, no race or religion, no place left in America that is safe. Until we genuinely embrace this message, we are a nation at risk. Tonight, HIV marches resolutely toward AIDS in more than a million American homes, littering its pathway with the bodies of the young. Young men. Young women. Young parents, and young children. One of the families is mine. If it is true that HIV inevitably turns to AIDS, then my children will inevitably turn to orphans. My family has been a rock of support. My eighty-four-year-old father, who has pursued the healing of the nations, will not accept the premise that he cannot heal his daughter. My mother has refused to be broken; she still calls at midnight to tell wonderful jokes that make me laugh. Sisters and friends, and my brother Phillip, whose birthday is todayall have helped carry me over the hardest places. I am blessed, richly and deeply blessed, to have such a family. But not all of you [Applause], but not all of you have been so blessed. You are HIV-positive but dare not say it. You have lost loved ones, but you dared not whisper the word AlDS. You weep silently; you grieve alone. I have a message for you: It is not you who should feel shame, it is we. We who tolerate ignorance and practice prejudice, we who have taught you to fear. We must lift our shroud of silence, making it safe for you to reach out for compassion. It is our task to seek safety for our children, not in quiet denial but in effective action. Someday our children will be grown. My son Max, now four, will take the measure of his mother; my son Zachary, now two, will sort through his memories. I may not be here to hear their judgments, but I know already what I hope they are. I want my children to know that their mother was not a victim. She was a messenger. I do not want them to think, as I once did, that courage is the absence of fear; I want them to know that courage is the strength to act wisely when most we are afraid. I want them to have the courage to step forward when called by their nation, or their Party, and give leadershipno matter what the personal cost. I ask no more of you than I ask of myself, or of my children. To the millions of you who are grieving, who are frightened, who have suffered the ravages of AIDS firsthand: Have courage and you will find support. To the millions who are strong I issue the plea: Set aside prejudice and politics to make room for compassion and sound policy. To my children, I make this pledge: I will not give in, Zachary, because I draw my courage from you. Your silly giggle gives me hope. Your gentle prayers give me strength. And you, my child, give me the reason to say to America, You are at risk. And I will not rest, Max, until I have done all I can to make your world safe. I will seek a place where intimacy is not the prelude to suffering. I will not hurry to leave you, my children. But when I go, I pray that you will not suffer shame on my account. To all within the sound of my voice, I appeal: Learn with me the lessons of history and of grace, so my children will not be afraid to say the word AIDS when I am gone. Then their children, and yours, may not need to whisper it at all. God bless the children, and bless us allgood night.

An Experiment to find out how the length of wire effects resistance Essay Example

An Experiment to find out how the length  of wire effects resistance Essay In this experiment we are trying to find out if by changing the length of a piece of wire its affects the resistance of current. I will find this out by having a piece of wood with a piece of wire stretching along the wood. I will have a power box on connected to an ammeter and voltage meter and then these connected to the piece of wire using crocodile clips. The variable Im going to change will be the length of wire. We can have the wire from the length of 1cm up to 100 cms long. We can use the crocodile clips to make the wire long or short. The equipment I will use is:* Crocodile clips* Power Pack* Wires* Variable resister* Ammeter* Voltage Meter* Wood with a piece of wire clipped onto itI chose the equipment I have because I think that it will be the best to use this so it will measure it accurately and give good results. To measure the Variable which Im changing I will have a piece of wood with measurements written onto it so I can use it to mark where I have to put the crocodile clips so it is a accurate measurement. The variable Im trying to measure is the resistance. The resistance is a current that flows through the wire when there is a current running through it, I will have an ammeter and a voltage meter to read the resistance. I will be making my investigation a fair test by using the same equipment each time i.e. the same piece of wood with the measurements on it.I will also wait until the measurements on the ammeter and the voltage meter are not flickering so I can read then and they are still and not in-between numbers, this will hopefully help me get an actuate reading. I will try and do the test for each length four times so I get another actuate reading. There are some things that might make the test go wrong and give me an inaccurate readings, such as if the door is open in one of the four times I do the test, that result might be higher resisentence or lower, the room temperature might change as well during the test but I cant control that. T he only way it could be the same things is if I did the experiment in a small area and I could control the temperature the test was being done in. This is how my experiment will be set up:I predict that the more wire I use on the wood stick, then the more resistance I will get travelling through the wires and the reading on the ammeter will be high for the long lengths and short for the short length of wire. I think this because the more length there is the more energy that will travel through it, then the readings on the ammeter and voltage meter will be high.The variables that could effects the tests are the room temperature, which I cant control. The heat of the power box I can control, by turning the box off at the end of each test and letting it cool down for a bit because other wise I might slow down the energy due to over heating. Another thing that might affect the test is the length of the wire which I connect the circuit together with. I cannot get the wires the same lengt h because I cannot cut the wires so this might affect my results a little bit but not a lot. Another thing I could do to make it a fair test, I could check that the power box, ammeter and voltage meter is working properly each time. One more thing it is important because I dont think you can control this unless you measure it all out.The crocodile clips are wider in length, so when you put them onto the measurements you want, on the wire it is not perfect on the measurements on the wood. So each time you take a result it is either less then what you want or more then you want. The only way you could possible control this is if you measured the width of the crocodile clip and measured the distance form the wire and not then I dont thing you could get it exactly perfect. So one time you do the results you might get the crocodile clip on the right spot and another time you might get it way out of line with right measurements. I think that if you keep to all these and try and control al l of the variables that can effect the investigation then I might get a good set of results that I can use in my graphs etc.I will collect four sets of results that are near each other in some ways like in decimal points if I round them up, this should mean they are near enough right.The measurements I will take are the length of the wire and how it affects the resistance and the voltage against the current; I will show these results in a table and in a graph for each one. When Im doing my test I will make a not of where the slider on the resister is so when I do my test again I can change it or leave it the same. I will do this so I can compare the results for each other set of results and see what ones changes the resistance the most.I found a few problems when I did the test. The first power pack I used didnt work so I had to change it. It was confusing because the wires overlapped but then I found out that u could change the wires round so they were straight and I didnt get mixe d up. I also found that the crocodile clips wouldnt stay on the wire probably, they would slip down the wire and they would not stay on straight so this might have interfered with my results because the measurement wouldnt have been accurate. To find the resistance, I had to use the voltage and divide it by the current (v a = )Length Of Wire (cm)Current (a)Voltage (v)Resistance0 40 cm0.130.584.460 50 cm0.120.625.160 80 cm0.100.757.50 100 cm0.100.800.80The results above are the set from my primarily test. It shows all the results vary, there could be something I have done wrong. The current and voltage are in the same decimal place but the resistance shows they can vary. This might so a variable have changed that I havent controlled. In my set of results from where I do four separate tests for each length I will work out the average from the results.The TestLength (cm)Current (a)Voltage (v)ResistanceAdverae0 40 cm0.080.140.150.350.350.400.321.194.83.33.53.5A= 0.18V= 0.640 50 cm 0.090.130.140.300.350.520.531.213.94.03.84.0A= 0.17V= 0.700 80 cm0.070.100.110.200.500.680.691.292.16.86.36.5A= 0.12V= 0.790 100 cm0.060.100.100.100.920.760.781.300.557.67.87.2A= 011V= 0.85I have done my experiment safely, I have made sure that the wire and power box havent got any other power going into it and I have made sure that I havent over heated the wires so that the wire on the piece of wood hasnt burnt. In the table above it shows my four repeated tests for each length of wire. The results were not all the same but they show that I have done the experiment carefully. I know that I have collected enough results because there is a fair number for each length and I can divide them, (the voltage and current) to get enough answers.I have made changes to my investigation because I have redone my test again, but this time I did it four times instead of three. I made sure it was a fair test by doing everything I said I was going to do in my plan. I tried to make made precise mea surements by trying to get the crocodile clips as close to the measurements on the wood piece as I could. I also made sure the right number on the ammeter came up so its didnt flicker and it stayed on one number for more then one second. I have found out by doing this experiment that there are a lot of variables that could make the results be different then the results if you could control everything that could change the results.On my graphs it shows that if you double the length then you double the resistance, in some cases this will work but in others it doesnt. My plan shows sensible way of testing my prediction because, the line on my graph shows this aswell. The line on my graph goes up in a straight line to show how the length of wire affects the currents resistance. You can use my graph to predict results for similar test like this in the future. My results in my graph show that resistance can be changed by anything that can affect the current or resistance.My perdition was correct because my results show the higher the measurements are then the higher the resistance of the current should be.My experiment was accurate because I made sure that all the things that could affect my investigation I controlled. None of my results were odd really they all made a line that wasnt in a curve so they didnt stand out or nothing. If I did have some odd result I would have got these by making a wrong mistake on one of the test or even the length of the wire could have changed for one test. The most difficult part of the test was recording all the results, because I did four tests for each length then it made it harder for me because I had to wait each time for the power box n wires to cool down, (this was for safety). I could improve my experiment next time to make it more reliable by maybe having more time do it because then I could leave it a certain amount of time each time so that I could have let it cooled down say for 2 minutes after each test, so the temperat ure decreased.If I ever did my test again then I could improve it many ways. I could have more time so I can do it a bit more slowly so I can get accurate result for each test. I could also make sure the wires the same length and this would make it fairer and maybe give me a different set of results that were clear and that had a pattern. I could also make sure that the temperature of the wires and power box etc stayed the same throughout the tests I did. I would start by making sure the crocodile clips were put on the wire with accuracy so they didnt slide up or down the wire when I was making the readings. I would use a different variable that I could place the wire onto that I could also write the measurements like 10 cm and 20 cm onto, I could use a rule instead of writing it onto the wood.My conclusion after I have done this experiment is that a lot of simple things can change the state of resistance everytime you do the test. You would have to have everything clipped to one an other with different variables to make it a really accurate test then you even might have a few things that will make a few odd results on a graph.

Karl Popper and Falsification

Karl Popper and Falsification Free Online Research Papers Sir Karl Popper, challenging the status quo, inspiring generations to ponder on the meaning of science, the methods to find truth, is one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century. Of particular importance to scientific methods of inquiry is the brawl between the development of theory and the criteria for science. In Popper’s own words, it is in this brawl that Popper decided to â€Å"grapple with the problem: When should a theory be ranked as scientific? or Is there a criterion for the scientific character or status of a theory?† (Popper 1957), p. 1. Born just after the turn of the century in 1902 (my Great Aunt was 4 at the time), in London, England, Popper began grappling with the brawl between â€Å"when is theory scientific† and â€Å"what is the criteria for the scientific character of theory† in the fall of 1919 (p. #). The thing that troubled Popper most he stated is â€Å"When is theory true?† (Popper 1957), p. 1-2). Born from the thing that was troubling Popper most originated his philosophy of Science as Falsification. First, it may be dangerous to proceed any further in this discussion without bringing into light perspectives about the time when Popper toiled on the naissance of falsification. In 1919, when Popper began to labor about potential for truth in theory, social turbulence was epidemic in Europe. The period between 1914 and 1989 can be viewed as a â€Å"protracted European Civil war† (Williams 2005). World War I (WWI) is well underway while communism extends beyond German idealists and the Russian Comintern into Hungary and Italy. Greek forces occupy Turkey’s Aegean coast for territorial ambitions. Over 20 million people are dying of a flu epidemic sweeping across China, Europe, and into the Americas. Social principles shift in the United States with laws prohibiting the sale of alcohol and granting women the right to vote. Social disturbance, disorder is the standard, not the exception of the time when Popper inaugurates a quest to find ‘truth’ in scientific explainadum. Other philosophers of the time endeavor to understand and explain social phenomena during the early 20th century. Max Weber, Karl Marx, Freidrech Engles, Thorstein Ve blen, and George Simmel excavate from all the political revolutions, the social disorder(s) of this period and emerge with capacious explanadum for a multitude of facets addressing social theory. â€Å"Philosophers were accused- rightly, I believe- of philosophizing without knowledge of fact, and their philosophies were described as mere fancies, even imbecile fancies’†(Popper 1952)p. 127). It is with the back drop then a discussion may proceed that recognizes the angst Popper toiled under to emerge with a simply elegant position that science is falsification. What then is falsification? In an attempt to define science from pseudo-science, Popper states that the growth of scientific knowledge begins with an imaginative proposal of hypotheses† (date, p. #). Then, the scientist must search for illustrations or situations that falsify or negate the hypothesis. This search for illustrations or situations that negate the hypothesis is falsification. Pseudo-science is science that does not meet scientific standards (of the period) but does conduct experiments. But what of pseudo-science? When is science the truth? What explains the difference between science and pseudo-science? Popper explains by providing an example. Traditionally, a discipline that conducts pseudo-scientific experiments is astrology. By amassing observations, astrologists produce horoscopes or biographies (Popper 1957). To distinguish science from pseudo-science, the investigator, at this point in the 20th century, could turn to the method and parse out true science from pseudo-science. The use of empirical methods and inductive explanations is the root cause for Popper’s revolt upon the metaphysical reasoning used to explain social behavior (at this time). It is not that astrology is a pseudo-science; astrology is merely a residue of the subject of the investigation (Popper 1952). Disciplines are means of administratively distinguishing the unified systems from which problems may be taught. It is far more important to understanding falsification that â€Å"We are not students of a subject matter but students of problems† (Popper 1952)p. 125). Traditionally, scientists formed hypotheses to explain or rationalize some natural phoneme that they have observed. Popper intends that a hypothesis must predict a phenomenon or behavior and not just offer to explain it. â€Å"I believe that there is not a classic of science, or of mathematics, or indeed a book worth reading that could not be shown, by a skillful application of the technique of language analysis, to be full of meaningless pseudo-propositions† (Popper 1952), p. 130). Popper is positive that each hypothesis has a possible contradiction. This â€Å"sensitiveness to problems† to the extent of having a â€Å"consuming passion for them† fortifies Popper’s revolt against merely accepting plausible and rationalized results of observations. For falsification to take place, the scientist must identify situations that falsify or negate the hypothesis. Finally, after rigorous attempts have been made to find the hypothesis untrue, the scientist may tentatively accept the hypothesis as true. However, if the hypothesis is found untrue, the scientist must reject the hypothesis. Therefore, Popper has set forth not only a definition of a scientific theory, but also an environment wherein scientists may work. Popper intends that a hypothesis must predict a phenomenon or behavior and not just offer to explain it. Therefore, a few statements may be made to expand and sequence the understanding of falsification. These ordered statements are that 1) for scientific discovery to take place, a clear problem statement must be designed, 2) attempts to find this hypothesis untrue must be conducted, 3) when the investigation cannot find the hypothesis untrue at that point then finally 4) the discovery is made regarding prediction of the ori ginal problem. Popper makes it clear that theory cannot be completely explanatory and all inclusive (Klemke et al. 1998). The key characteristic of a theory is falsification in itself. If the possibility for negating the theory does not exist, then the hypothesis is not scientific. When the theory is falsified, the scientific community learns from the experience and knowledge becomes a cumulative contribution among philosophers. Popper provides a service to the scientific community by spawning a means to parse science from pseudo-science more clearly. Popper’s theses in philosophy to include a tenet of falsification caused a tectonic shift in scientific investigation. Responses of rejection from other philosophers poured in regarding Popper’s assertions for the need to falsify. Imre Lakatos, for example, is harsh on Popper. Criticisms include: Lakatos argues that falsifiable already refers to how science is practiced. Lakatos interprets Popper as demanding scientists to specify in advance a crucial experiment (or observation) which can falsify it, and it is pseudoscientific if one refuses to specify such a ‘potential’ falsifier† (Lakatos 1963). â€Å"If so, Popper does not demarcate scientific statements from pseudoscientific ones, but rather scientific method from non-scientific method (Lakatos, p. 1). Lakatos goes onto claim that Popper fails to provide the scientific community with a means for â€Å"rational criticism of consistent conventions† (Lakatos 1963). For Aiken, Popper does not address three different questions: 1)whether historical data can be trusted as evidence for social laws, 2) whether there are verifiable laws of ‘development’†¦for the basis..to predict future events, and 3) whether there can be what may be called laws of ‘unrestrictive scope’ in terms of which all social processes may be explained. (Aiken 1947), p. 147)Clearly from this spurn of remarks from Lakatos, Aiken and others upon Popper’s falsification theses has caused a scientific revolution under the principles set forth by Thomas Kuhn (Kuhn 1996). References Aiken, Henry David (1947), Review: [Untitled], The Journal of Philosophy, 44 (17), 459-73. Klemke, E.D., R. Hollinger, D. Rudge, A. (Eds) Klein, and A. (David) Klein (1998), Introductory Readings in the Philosophy of Science: Prometheus Books. Kuhn, Thomas S. (1996), The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press. Lakatos, I. (1963), Proofs and Refutations (2, 3, 4), The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 14 (54), 120-39. Popper, K. R. (1952), The Nature of Philosophical Problems and Their Roots in Science, The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 3 (10), 124-56. Popper, Karl (1957), Science as Falsification, ed. Cambridge University Peterhouse, London: Mayfield Publishing Company. Williams, Hywel (2005), Cassells Chronology of World History, in Cassells Chronology of World History, London: Weidenfeld Nicolson, 767. Research Papers on Karl Popper and FalsificationThree Concepts of PsychodynamicThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeResearch Process Part OneCapital PunishmentEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Leaders and Potential Leaders Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leaders and Potential Leaders - Literature review Example Cultivation was aimed at using one's intellect in doing a job. Emotional and actual advantages were given as the corresponding result. Third, the leader must be prepared to present the plan, to inform the followers of the requirements and to allow the followers to take control of the situation. Examining the Author’s Methods It is contended that the author did not implicitly state the thesis of the article. The statement could actually be simplified. Also, the grammatical structure was incorrect. The sentence started with a second person point of view and then it ended with a third person point of view ( the use of the word you to them). Such kind of mistake could actually disappoint the reader. It has a tendency to take away the reader’s interest. As a result, one may stop reading the article upon noticing the wrong done. Nevertheless, if the one reading is a potential leader, then, there is a possibility that he or she will excuse such error. Moreover, the writer was not able to present adequate ideas to support the thesis. The suggested ways were too general. It could have been specifically enumerated. The writer’s personal experiences were not enough to substantiate the proposed steps of utilization. Nonetheless, the third paragraph provided a logical example.

The Different Types of Leases Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

The Different Types of Leases - Research Paper Example This paper illustrates that in order to obtain business equipment and supplies that can shed its effects on the flow of money, one can rely on lease financing as the possible way to straight up capital. Recent surveys prompt that more than 80% of the business organizations in the United States rely on this alternative at minimum one of the equipment acquisitions. It is forecasted that almost 95% would lease in the future. Lease financing is often referred to as â€Å"lease†. It is a contractual agreement involving two parties the lessor and lessee. The lease can be defined as a legal document that must be reviewed by an experienced attorney. The company acts as the lessor grants the individual or group acting as the lessee leasing the product or equipment. The contract assigns the lessee to operate the equipment for some pre-specified time. In the period the lessee is required to make monthly payments to the lessor for providing the opportunity. The lease can be categorized in to the following: lease of finance and lease of operation, sale and leaseback along with direct lease, lease of single investor and leveraged lease, domestic lease and international lease. However, finance lease and operating lease are the most popular leases. A financial lease covers the entire life of the equipment to be leased. A sale and lease can be thought of as one type of financial lease. One can even think of combination lease. This type of lease combines aspects of the popular leases. The effects of the tax can be categorized in the following two ways. The first category is to determine the effects of each flow of cash on taxable income. Rents or another type of fees tend to increase the taxable income while expenditure has the opposite effect. The second category is to compute the amount of the tax to be paid and time when the payment is to be made. After the calculation of the taxable income, the rate of the tax is applied to arrive at the liability. The tax is generally paid in 4 installments. The fourth, sixth, ninth and the twelfth month is regarded as the months of payment for the particular year. The amount of the flows is referred as magnitude.

Situation Background Assessment Recommendation Assignment

Situation Background Assessment Recommendation - Assignment Example There are a number of them. But the best is SBAR (Situation Background Assessment Recommendation), according to most of the healthcare organizations for transfer of information in the correct manner. They are useful in communicating among medical staff, between doctor and patient between nurse and patient etc. The language is clear and simple and is applicable for both written and oral communication. The steps include stating the situation, the circumstances causing the situation, determining the problem and arriving at the best solution. The healthcare organization has their own procedures to fill up forms concerned with the patient's clinical history during the course of their treatment in the unit. That will give clear, concise information about the patient and the type of treatment he gets. However, the accuracy of the record is doubtful. At times the patient would not have given the proper information. It may so happen that the recording may not be proper or legible. Even so clinical record can be considered very valuable in most instances. During verbal communication, there is every chance of data being missed or misunderstood. The reason is that the doctors, nurses and other health personnel etc lack effective communication skill, though they may be good in their own field. The healthcare professionals including nurses have been educated to deal with patients in communic ation, but not among themselves or how to communicate during an emergency. Also, there are no rules for verbal communication, whether direct or through telephone. It is obvious that communication errors may have adverse effects on the patients. It is praiseworthy that various steps have been taken for the improvement of communication among the staff. These will ultimately result in the safety of the patients. According to Dr. Michael Leonard, MD, nurses' communication is descriptive. But that of the physicians is strictly to the point. He feels that SBAR model will nullify the differences in approach and style. It proposes how a nurse should communicate with a doctor. Adopting the SBAR tool has considerably improved patient's safety. It is valuable not only for communication between doctor and nurse but among a number of team members. Let us look at the following instance. One Mr. Joy took his wife to hospital. She had hysterectomy with bowel perforation. An overdose of medicines resulted in permanent brain damage. Joy had no idea about the SBAR tools. So because of his precarious and tense situation, Joy failed to inform the actual cause to the doctors. If he had communicated properly, he could have avoided the mental agony that he and his wife suffered. His wife would have got the correct treatment and would have been better placed. Even the doctor, who felt guilty for not successful in treating the wife would have been spared. Summary of Article This clearly shows how a little bit of care can prolong the life of the patient and enhance the happiness of his beloved ones. At the same time sheer neglect can endanger his life. The hospital staff should consider it their duty to contribute to the well being of the patients. There comes the importance of SBAR techniques. Conclusion It is

Developing Sustainability Indicators Monitoring For Enterprise Business Essay

Developing Sustainability Indicators Monitoring For Enterprise Business Essay The term sustainability refers to the human desire for an environment that would reap current and future benefits. Sustainability is not an absolute, independent of human conceptual frameworks. Rather it is always set in the context of decisions about what type of system is to be sustained and over what patio-temporal scale.(Allen and Hoekstra 1994) Monitoring process is an emergent and a major management response to the existing challenges in sustainability. It helps in understanding the sustainability systems and its values. Monitoring systems generally focuses on developing the various suitable tools that would help in gauging the relatedness of the sustainability practices. Basically, these monitoring systems reveal the trends and patterns of a sustainable system by constructing a good understanding of those systems. Comparison of future desired conditions with the current state of systems can be established. The changes in the entire system can be easily detected and can be used as an earlier warning against change. The growth and progress of the sustainable system in an enterprise can be effectively measured. Indicators can provide crucial guidance for decision-making in a variety of ways. They can translate physical and social science knowledge into manageable units of information that can facilitate the decision-making process. They can help to measure and calibrate progress towards sustainable development goals. They can provide an early warning, sounding the alarm in time to prevent economic, social and environmental damage. They are also important tools to communicate ideas, thoughts and values because as one authority said, we measure what we value, and value what we measure. Indicators of sustainability are different from traditional indicators of economic, social, and environmental progress. Traditional indicators such as stockholder profits, asthma rates, and water quality measure changes in one part of a community as if they were entirely independent of the other parts. Sustainability indicators reflect the reality that the three different segments are very tightly interconnected, as shown in the figure below: Segmentation of sustainable indicators As this figure illustrates, the natural resource base provides the materials for production on which jobs and stockholder profits depend. Jobs affect the poverty rate and the poverty rate is related to crime. Air quality, water quality and materials used for production have an effect on health. They may also have an effect on stockholder profits: if a process requires clean water as an input, cleaning up poor quality water prior to processing is an extra expense, which reduces profits. Likewise, health problems, whether due to general air quality problems or exposure to toxic materials, have an effect on worker productivity and contribute to the rising costs of health insurance. DESCRIPTION OF ENTERPRISE Sony Ericsson  is a joint venture established on October 1, 2001by the Japanese consumer electronics company  Sony Corporation  and the Swedish telecommunications company  Ericsson  to make mobile phones. The stated reason for this venture is to combine Sonys consumer electronics expertise with Ericssons technological leadership in the communications sector. Both companies have stopped making their own mobile phones. Sony Ericsson has strived to maintain the highest standards in our approach to sustainability. Sustainable development and production is considered to be important challenges for the future by Ericsson which demands an immediate action from responsible manufacturers. Sony Ericsson have put into effect a life-cycle approach to product development .Sony Ericsson mobile communications is a global supplier of high graphic and multimedia cell phones with various features along with accessories and pc cards. The products offer a combination of powerful technology with creative applications for mobile such as music, style, imaging, communications and entertainment. The net result is that Sony Ericsson is an enticing brand which opens up new avenues for growth in business for mobile operators and along with offering desirable, fun products to end users. In the nine years period, Sony Ericsson has been operating and it has maintained a rigorous approach to ensuring that it maintains the same standards across all chains. For Sony Ericsson, the approach to sustainability is based on the following principles: To safeguard the future profits in environmental friendly related issues. Improving the living and working conditions of all those who are involved in production of products. Not to make a negative  impact on the consumers. To improve the impact of our products and activities on the environment. Sony Ericsson have focused on low energy consumption chargers.Sony Ericsson will introduce chargers and phones with this interface well ahead of the desired industry timeline. Our portfolio of chargers is already one of the best in the industry in terms of efficiency and energy consumption. The handset was built with fully sustainable materials, the optional charger had minimal no-load power and the concept offered reduced packaging with the elimination of paper manuals. In 2008, Sony Ericsson observers were introduced. The global take back scheme and the green heart project bring us closer to our vision of being a leader in sustainability in the mobile phone industry. Constant improvising is being made by them so as to improve the working conditions and environment. Sony Ericsson set aggressive, absolute targets: Reduce the total greenhouse gas emissions from the full life cycle by 15% till 2015 (based on 2008 year levels) Reduce the total greenhouse gas emissions from So internal activities by 20% till 2015(based on 2008 year levels) Sony Ericson has continues dialogue with the parent companies on the subject of building more sustainable business. Listing Justification Of Indicators Relevant To The Enterprise ECONOMIC INDICATORS: The economic indicator refers to the system of production and consumption (including finance) and refers to the market based and to the unpaid economy. Economic prosperity is a very important element of sustainable development; it allows to combat poverty, to finance remediation of old burdens, to make changes in our development economic policy and market mechanisms must be applied in support of sustainable development, and not against it. Without denying the importance of tools such as legislation, public awareness etc., and the economy is a very powerful tool for sustainable development. Used in the right way, it provides efficient incentives to make choices for sustainable development. These incentives need to be on all levels of society, they must work in favour of sustainable development by: Making sustainable investments both in the public and private sectors profitable, Channelling research into knowledge and solutions for sustainable development Influencing consumption decision on all levels. Tele communication industry is very important for sustainable development as it generates employment wealth as well as it also provides economic benefits to the society. This all attribute raises concerns at both micro- and macro levels. The economic indicators and objective for the each specific indicator is mentioned below: Table.1 Objective Indicators Sufficient supply and goods and services GDP/ capita Efficient wealth creations Total factor productivity, cost, sales Economic systems evolution and Competitiveness Net investment, R D expenditures, Accumulated public and private debt GDP Per Capita: Gross domestic product (GDP) is nothing but the over all average of the increase or decrease of economic growth. GDP is nothing but the market value of all goods and services produced by the economy during the specific period which is often one year.2008 study by Sony Ericsson on the socio-economic impact of mobile communications in Sudan found that mobile phone access generates significant socio-economic benefits for gross domestic product (GDP), notably for people at the base of the economic pyramid. Total factor productivity, cost, sales: In simple language Productivity gives good ability to understand into inflationary pressures, and how much GDP can increase without affecting inflation. With high demand of Sony Ericsson mobiles and the company has decided to reduce operating costs, connectivity is expected to become economically viable for the local operator within three years. Net investment and capital expenditures: This indicator specifies the distribution to providers of capital broken down by interest on debt and borrowings and dividends on all classes of shares. Then Sony Ericsson describes how it has utilise its capital the level of company commitment to socially responsible investing. These are the mentioned sustainable indicators which help the Sony Ericsson, telecommunication industry to sustain in the market. ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS: Among the various sustainable indicators available in the monitoring system for the enterprise chosen, the prime importance moves to the environmental indicators as it drives the sustainability core concepts. These environmental indicators provide a measure of the companys impacts over the natural environment entities namely on the human, air, water and land ecosystems. The impacts of such practices can be a local or a global one depending upon the nature of the process. The ultimate target is the stake holders in common. Considering the enterprise of Sony Ericson, the threat is posed over the employees who work in the enterprise. Our enterprise corresponds to the telecom industry where by the scope of analysis for the telecom products and the facilities in Sony Ericson company is tremendous. Hence it is worth to develop indicators for the company to evaluate the effectiveness of its sustainable practices. The sustainability indicators relevant to Sony Ericsson Company are identified as below. Materials- (substances of concern) Energy- (power consumption) Products Transport Air emissions (carbon footprint) The above listed indicators are identified to be more crucial for carrying out sustainable monitoring framework for the company, Sony Ericsson. Materials (substances of concern): Considering the first indicator, materials, it refers to the various elements of concern that are used in the company. Being a strong player in the telecom industry, Sony Ericsson, produces mobile phones that incorporates brominates flame retardants (BFR) on its boards and casings. Moreover poly vinyl chloride (PVC) is also used in the chargers. Hence considering the usage of these materials in the company provides more concern over the sustainability issues in the company. Hence developing this indicator would help in the measurement of sustainability impacts of using such materials inside the company. Energy: For any industry or an enterprise, the usage of energy becomes very essential for its effective functioning. Sony Ericsson is not an exception and as it addresses the energy consumption issue through its chargers for mobile phones. This indicator provides effective measurement of the energy consumption that would help the company to incorporate processes that would lead to lesser energy consumption for the sustainable future. Products: Sony Ericsson continues its operations in the telecom industry through its various ranges of mobile phones and accessories that pose a question whether they are bio-degradable or not. The toxicity levels in the products and their environmental impacts can be measured using this indicator. Hence for a product based company like Sony Ericsson, this indicator becomes very significant for ensuring sustainable practices. Transport: Transport is an inevitable indicator in any sector as the movement of either goods or services becomes a mandatory process in the work areas. Considering Sony Ericsson, the usage of transport service, the kind of modes used, the frequency and intensity of transport processes involved in the company is really high which can affect the environment in many bad ways. Thus this indicator is more relevant to the company in identifying the impact that companys transport operations are projecting towards the environment. Air emissions With a large company like Sony Ericsson, the production capacities for their plants in various locations are tend to be generally larger. This results in the production of more carbon dioxide emissions across the nearby areas of the plant locations. So, careful monitoring of such emissions and controlling it becomes very important for the company to evaluate the amount of air emissions of the company. SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS Apart from having economical and environmental sustainability it is as much as important for the company to be socially important too. Since every company they are socially bounded, it is important for them to be connected with the society. For a company to be effective and sustainable, both the individual and community resources need to be developed and used within the context of four guiding principles equity, social inclusion and interaction, security, and adaptability. Telecoms industry is playing as a very important player in shaping up the economy. The five main indicators of Sony Ericsson for social sustainability are as follows: Stakeholder involvement Human rights and business ethics Equal opportunities and non- discrimination Health and safety Bribery and corruption Sony Ericsson maintains good monitoring systems on this sustainability to have better output. Stake holder involvement Stakeholders are those who have a direct relationship to, or are affected by, our business. They include investors, customers, employees, suppliers, industry partners, governments, end-users, non-governmental organizations and the media. So it is important for any organisation to have a good relationship with them. By having sustainable relationships with the stakeholder provide the company with long run benefits. Stakeholder involvement towards a particular company creates a good image for the company among the public. Human rights and business ethics Business engagement in human rights is not only a responsibility but also an opportunity. It is very crucial for any company to behave in a socially and ethically exemplary way and operates business in compliance with all national laws and regulations. This is a main indicator for company to find out whether it is sustainable or not. Equal opportunities and discrimination One of the main indicators that should be addressed in sustainable development requires companies to provide equal opportunities to all regardless of their gender, race and disabilities. Most of the research identifies that gender disparity as one of the important issues that need to be addressed by the industry, including attracting more women into professional jobs. By having equal opportunities make the company to have better sustainable practices. Health and safety: Health and safety is one the most important indicator that production industry should concern about. Providing employees with health and safety standards must be addressed properly. The action plan included installing protective railings, improving processes and equipment for chemicals handling, and implementing health and safety procedures for corrective and preventive action. Bribery and corruption: Another main issue that should be addressed the companies is bribery and corruption. Sometimes as like human rights problems, is a large scale problem that cannot be addressed the companies. So companies must make careful consideration in regard to this problem which has a direct impact on sustainability of any company. CRITICAL ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF LISTED INDICATORS Justification For The Economic Indicators: China, India, Indonesia and Brazil are among Sony Ericssons 10 largest markets in sales share. Emerging markets represent around one third of global GDP, and network sales in emerging markets grew an estimated 15 percent in 2008, representing over half of network sales. High growth market: The above mentioned statistical data proves that the Sony Ericssons GDP is increasing to sustain in the market. Moreover, connectivity is an instrument to generate economic opportunity. In fact, a 2007 Deloitte analysis of sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, the middle east and Asia pacific confirms that a 10 percent increase in mobile penetration leads to a 1.2 percent increase in gross domestic product (GDP) in developing countries twice the equivalent impact in developed markets. Applying life- cycle thinking to telecom network helps reduce the total cost of ownership for customers by demonstrating how to optimize energy. Two studies conducted by Sony Ericsson in 2008 showed in the lowest segments, money transfer, learning and mobile applications in health are in high demand. This shows that the company is done the research and addressed the capital investments, profit and share holders value to sustain in the market. Table.2 categories of economic indicators: Provides information on /measures Economic issues addressed Stake holders directly affected Main customers, market share contribution to GDP Contribution to GDP and wealth creation Customers, national governments Financial viability of business and wealth creation Capital investments, profits, share holders value, wealth creation, revenue distribution Shareholders, creditors, insurers Types of product, sales, earnings, values added Sales, earnings and value added Employees, customers, creditors, shareholders. Thus the above mentioned Economic Indicators as provided information on measures and also addressed the economic issues and how the stakeholders are directly affected. The additional indicators include generally- applicable measures of economic performance such as earnings before interest and tax. The micro economic issues have traditionally dominated business decision making with a focus on short term returns, which is in the telecommunication industry often based on production volumes rather than on valued added products and services. ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS: Indicator material The material indicator provides information about the various substances and elements that are used in the products and processes of the company namely Sony Ericsson. The various chemical substances like PVC, BFR and lead in the manufacturing of mobile phones and its accessories are taken into account in this indicator. One of the main substances highlighted by the media is brominates flame retardants (BFR) that reduces the risk of fires in the mobile phones. The major risk of BFR is that it becomes a dioxin under uncontrolled incineration. The company also strives to removes this substance from its charger and cable cases. Thereby the company has phased out the BFR in most of its products. Moreover Sony Ericsson takes the pride of becoming the first mobile phone firm to eradicate the entire use of BFR in its products. The other major substance is the poly vinyl chloride (PVC) because it releases hydrochloric acid and dioxins that gets accumulated in the animal fat and causes cancer to human due to the various carcinogens. Sony Ericsson worked hard to find alternatives for PVC and finally from 2007 all new Sony Ericsson products were PVC free. Other substances of concern were the phthalates, beryllium and antimony were also found hazardous and hence as an attempt to go environment friendly, the Sony Ericsson products are now almost free from such elements which can be very well evident from the companys report over sustainability. Table.3 sustainable indicator framework for social sustainability Indicator Provides information on/ measures Environmental issue(s) addressed Stakeholders directly affected/interested Materials Use of substances of concern like PVC, BFR, beryllium etc. Use and depletion of resources Suppliers, contractors, NGOs, national governments Energy Energy use and efficiency, use of renewable resources of energy. Use of energy resources, contribution to global warming. Suppliers, contractors, local communities, NGOs, national governments. Product Environmental impacts of products life cycle Environmental impacts of products like product toxicity. Customers, NGOs, national governments, insurers and creditors. Transport and logistics Transport distances for products and with respect to employees Intensity of transport activity carried out, use of non-renewable resources etc. Contractors, suppliers, local communities and authorities, national government and NGOs Air emissions Contribution to air, water and land pollution Air effluents, carbon emission, related environmental impacts Local communities and authorities, national governments, NGOs, creditors, shareholders. Indicator -energy The indicator provides measures on the usage of the energy and its efficiency and the usage of renewable sources of energy. With respect to the company, Sony Ericsson the mobile phones and their chargers come into picture regarding the energy or power consumption. Considering the total energy life cycle impact of a mobile phone, there is a no load power consumption issue. Sony Ericsson tried to reduce this and achieved a 0.15 w of average no load power in its mobile phone chargers. Indicator product The product indicator provides information about the environmental impacts that happens throughout the life cycle of the product. It exhibits the other hazardous and toxic properties of the mobile phone products and its accessories of Sony Ericsson. The product gathers more importance in identifying the measure of the sustainability in a company like Sony Ericsson as the entire business rolls out of its products. The company has come up with the initiative towards the development of the mobile phone product that is environmentally sustainable. In 2008, the company initiated a concept called green heart. According to this concept, the entire life cycles of products are revised and the usages of various elements are identified to be environmental friendly. Indicator transport and logistics: The indicator provides information about the distances involved in the transportation of products and the employees as well in the company. This indicator throws light on the usage of the various non-renewable resources and the corresponding emissions that would pose a considerable threat to the environment. Sony Ericsson collaborates with the logistics companies so as to reduce the impact of transport on the overall carbon footprint. The company framed out a separate environmental friendly guideline in selecting the vehicles and fuels for its transport operations. According to the life cycle assessment made by the company in 2008, it was found that 3.7 kg of carbon dioxide emission resulted out of the transportation of which 90% contributed from the outbound transportation. Thus the serious efforts have to be made to join with Logistics Company and reduce the weight of packaging as well so that overall impact of transportation can be minimized. Indicator air emissions (carbon footprint) The indicator provides information about the amount of pollutants that the company introduces to the land, air and water ecosystems. It also defines the level and severity of the impact and the corresponding impacts on the environment. Sony Ericsson has been planning out for larger volumes of production because of business constraints and this causes a larger emission of carbon dioxide into the air. The three major activities were identified to contribute towards carbon emission namely factories, offices and travel. Table.4 Table.5 The impact of business travel is another problem accounting for higher carbon emission. Reducing the long distance travel by introducing alternative meeting arrangements like Tele-Presence systems, an advanced video conferencing technique have been initiated as an effective alternative to reduce business travels. These all techniques were thought for reducing the companys total carbon emission from its business operations. SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS: Companies are paying more attention to the social dimension of sustainable development, mainly due to an experienced shift in stakeholder pressures from environmental to social-related concerns. During the last decades of the 20th century, various significant steps were taken to draw the social dimension of sustainable development into open. Sony Ericsson has taken the following social issues for their sustainability in the market. Stakeholder involvement Human rights and business ethics Equal opportunities and non- discrimination Health and safety Bribery and corruption Table.6 sustainable indicator framework for social sustainability Indicator Provides information on/ measures Social issue(s) addressed Stakeholders directly affected/interested Stakeholder involvement The level of commitment to external stakeholder Stakeholder involvement All external stakeholder Human rights and business ethics The level of commitment to protecting human rights of all stakeholders, employees Human rights and business ethics. All stakeholders, employees, trade unions. Equal opportunities and non-discrimination The level of commitment to non-discrimination and to provide equal opportunities Equal opportunities and non-discrimination Employees, trade unions, national governments Health and safety Employee health and safety Health and safety Employees, trade unions, national governments Bribery and corruption The approach to avoiding bribery and corruption Bribery and corruption Local communities and authorities, national governments, NGOs, creditors Indicator stakeholder involvement Board participation is crucial for the implementation of underlying values for sustainable development and preservation of cultural values. Therefore, involvement of local communities and other stakeholders is crucial in decision making process. Sony Ericsson seeks to respond promptly to stakeholder concerns. They conduct an annual stakeholder survey identifying the top-ranked social, environmental and economic issues for customers and investors. They measure employees views in annual surveys and polls. In 2008, both investors and customers were particularly interested in supply chain management. Indicator -human rights and business ethics Protection of human rights is another relevant sustainability of the social concern that should be addressed when considering electronics industry. Sony Ericsson respects all human rights, including the right to freedom of expression of ideas and as tools for democracy. At times the telecom industry can encounter conflicts in realisation of these rights. Sony Ericsson is addressing the relevant issues to us and our market, but at present, considers that the main concerns in this area fall within the operators domain. As society understands of these issues evolves and the border between operator and vendor changes, Ericsson will reassess its position. Indicator -equal opportunities and non- discrimination Addressing sustainable development requires companies to provide equal opportunities to all regardless of their gender, race or disabilities. Sony Ericsson is making headway in a male dominated industry, and the number of women in the workforce increased worldwide from 12,000 in 2004 to more than 17,000 today. The number of women occupying the top 200 roles increased from 12 percent in 2007 to 13 percent in 2008, while those in line management positions remained steady at 18 percent. Our objective is to develop a management team in which the number of females is proportionate to the female workforce as a whole Sony Ericsson leadership development initiative for employees nurtures key capabilities and competencies and helps set clear goals. We seek to strengthen and deepen leadership qualities at all levels of the organization. During 2008, we launched 122 training sessions to support the initiative and 1,979 managers participated, compared to 78 sessions and 1,281 participants in 2007. To maximize learning opportunities, we mix classroom sessions with informal learning such as mentoring, job rotation, coaching, and interactive feedback. This provides employees with practical support in developing the skills to spearhead and service technological convergence. Indicator health and safety In addition to wages and benefits that are universally important, one of the employee-related issues related to occupational health and safety. Occupational health and safety (OHS) is a global priority for Ericsson. In 2009 we will align our existing locally tailored OHS approach with a globally coordinated system applicable to all markets. Unit heads will ensure that they set appropriate OHS standards that are realistic, attainable and consistent with local operating conditions and legislation. During the year we will finalize a group policy on OHS that will be rolled out throughout the business. . Indicator -bribery and corruption Corruption is one of the main obstacles in equal distribution of wealth. The Ericsson group management system, implemented and monitored wherever we do business, ensures integrity and high standards of conduct. A whistle blower procedure is in place for employees to report violations relating to accounting, internal controls and procedures or fraudulent practices. In 2008, all market unit employees took the anti-corruption e-learning. We also offer training courses educate employees on the code of business ethics and anti-corruption. CONCLUSION Sustainable development has become very significant especially in the telecom industry. In order to respond to the various sustainability challenges forced in the industry, sustainable development becomes very crucial. The framework for the monitoring system developed with the corresponding indicators; provide a comprehensive tool for measuring sustainability in the telecom industry. The proposed indicators in the above discussion, addresses to the key environmental, social and economic issues that are prevalent in the tel

The three stories I have chosen to study are: Flight by Doris Lessing,

The three stories I have chosen to study are: Flight by Doris Lessing, Superman and Paula Browns New Snowsuit by Sylvia Plath and Chemistry by Graham Swift. In these three stories the writers explores complex family relationships. Choose three stories, where the writers present difficult relationships between family members, compare and contrast these relationships. The three stories I have chosen to study are: ‘Flight’ by Doris Lessing, ‘Superman and Paula Browns New Snowsuit’ by Sylvia Plath and ‘Chemistry’ by Graham Swift. In these three stories the writers explores complex family relationships, through a variety of techniques: imagery, mood and atmosphere, symbolism and structuring the stories to built up to a climax, when there is a point of realisation for both character and reader. All three stories begin by presenting idyllic family relationships but as the stories progress things change. The story Flight by Doris Lessing is about an unnamed old man who keeps pigeons, he worries about his granddaughter, Alice. He has seen his other granddaughters leave home, and he is possessive of Alice and jealous of Steven, her boyfriend. The old man argues with Alice about her behaviour, and complains to his daughter, Alice's mother Lucy. At the start of the story the old man shuts up his favourite pigeon, rather than let it fly. When Steven, the boyfriend, makes him a present of a new pigeon, he is more able to accept what is going to happen, and he lets his favourite go. The ending of the story is has more than one possible meaning: Alice has tears on her face, as she stares at her grandfather. But I do not know if they are for him, for Steven, for herself, or for some other cause. And we do not kn... ...d that she is to blame for the damage to the snowsuit. In this story, Plath explores the themes of: corruption and betrayal, material possessions and human values, man and superman, fantasy and reality. One way the writer uses to explore these themes is the use of symbolism; in the story flying is a symbol of possibility and imagination. At the start, the narrator dreams of flying, and seems able to believe in her dreams. At the end, flight is no longer a possibility and the airplanes vanish with Superman's cape. The story contrasts two costumes – one is Superman's famous blue suit, with the red cape trailing behind; the other is Paula's powder-blue snowsuit. They seem to represent opposing ideas. Superman's costume is a symbol of justice and miraculous deliverance from evil. Paula's snowsuit comes to represent self-indulgence and petty materialism.